How do you handle backup and restore strategies for distributed cloud-native databases?

Distributed cloud-native database backup and recovery strategies ensure the persistence and disaster recovery capabilities of cross-node data, which are crucial for business continuity and compliance, applicable to high-availability scenarios such as financial transactions and e-commerce.

The core lies in combining logical/physical backups, snapshots, and log streams: first, perform periodic full backups (such as daily snapshots), supplemented by real-time transaction logs (such as WAL) to capture incremental changes. Backup data needs to be stored分散 in object storage (such as S3) or cross-availability zone persistent volumes, and use ETCD to store topology metadata. Point recovery relies on precise replay of log timestamps, while global recovery requires coordinating consistent states between nodes.

Implementation steps: 1) Define RTO/RPO targets; 2) Configure automatic snapshot and log archiving tools (such as Velero or cloud vendor native services); 3) Regularly verify the recovery process; 4) Test fault tolerance through Chaos Engineering. The value lies in minute-level recovery (RPO≈0), multi-region disaster recovery, and cost optimization (hot-cold tiered storage).